Head Lice, Pediculus capitis

IPM Steps to Reduce Head Lice

1. Sample for Pest

Where to find it while inspecting: Scalps, hats, hairbrushes.

2. Proper ID

Size and Particulars: 1/10" to 1/8", clear to pale brown in color.

3. Learn the Pest Biology

Life Cycle: An adult female lays eggs on a strand of hair close to the root. Eggs are called NITS (tiny, white, oval-shaped) and adhere to the shaft of hair. In 7–20 days the nit hatches into a nymph (Nymph is a smaller version of the adult). Nymphs and adults need a blood meal to survive (generally within 48 hours at the most).

Preferred Food Sources: Human blood—these particular lice do not care for other mammals.

Preferred Habitat: Scalps.

4. Determine Threshold

Threshold: While head lice do not transmit disease in the U.S., no one wants them. Continued infestation often leads to scalp infections due to scratching the scalp.

5. Choose Tactics

Best Management Practices: Prevention—reinforce the need to not share hats, combs and headphones. Head lice do not jump and therefore only move from person to person by proximity. Multiple treatment styles are available and involve an investment of time and effort.

Treatment Methods: Treatments is always a four step operation 1) a specific application to the scalp and hair—see below. 2) examination and washing of infected hats, hairbrushes, combs, etc. 3) removal of nits and in some cases nymphs and adults, by use of a nit comb 4) re-examination of scalp for up to two weeks after treatment. SHAMPOO TYPE TREATMENTS: traditional treatments were once products containing the now banned Lindane. Insecticidal treatments are still available but are discouraged when possible as they are pesticides (ingredients: pyrethrins or permethrin). Alternative treatments such as olive-oil based products, etc., are always options but depend on meticulous combing of the hair with nit combs. It is best for your school to have a suggested treatment policy with step-by-step procedures for parents, as well as a policy dealing with when students are discouraged from attending school. NOTE: We do not promote any particular product found in the online resources included. Make your best determination of what will safely work for your student.

6. Evaluate

Was the tactic successful? Record the date pests were first noted, and the tactic you used, and its success. Use one of our RECORD KEEPING tools.

For More Information

UCIPM Online: Pests of Homes, Structures, People, and Pets: Head Lice

National Pediculosis Association: Frequently Asked Questions from www.headlice.org

Remember:

When a pesticide application is necessary, all necessary and required precautions are taken to minimize risk to people and the environment and to minimize risk of pesticide resistance or pest resurgence. Pesticide use in your school may be prohibited or regulated by local policies or state and federal regulations. Risk reduction methods can include, but are not limited to, spot-treatment, the use of gel or paste bait formulations placed in inaccessible locations, injection into a crack or crevice, and other methods that reduce potential exposure.