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21.	Hotspots of pest-induced US urban tree death, 2020–2050 Publish Date: 2022-03-13 Author/Source: Emma J. Hudgins, Frank H. Koch, Mark J. Ambrose, Brian Leung Description: To plan effective mitigation, forest pest managers must know which tree species in which communities will be at the greatest risk, as well as the highest risk species. We provide the first country-wide, spatial forecast of urban tree mortality due to invasive insect pests. This framework identifies dominant pest insects and spatial impact hotspots, which can provide the basis for spatial prioritization of spread control efforts such as quarantines and bio-logical control release sites. Our results highlight the need for emerald ash borer (EAB) early-detection efforts as far from current infestations as Seattle, WA. Furthermore, these findings produce a list of biotic and spatiotemporal risk fac-tors for future high-impact US urban forest insect pests. States/Regions: Mid-Atlantic, National, New England, Northeast, Southeast
22.	Transovarial Transmission of Heartland Virus by Invasive Asian Longhorned Ticks under Laboratory Conditions Publish Date: 2022-03 Author/Source: Wilson R. Raney, Josiah B. Perry, and Meghan E. Hermance Description: The researchers demonstrated experimental acquisition and transmission of Heartland bandavirus by Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. Virus was detected in tick salivary gland and midgut tissues. A total of 80% of mice exposed to 1 infected tick seroconverted, suggesting horizontal transmission. H. longicornis ticks can transmit the virus in the transovarial mode. States/Regions: Mid-Atlantic, National, New England, Northeast, Southeast
23.	The Spatial Distribution of the House Mouse, Mus musculus domesticus, in Multi-Family Dwellings Publish Date: 2022-01-14 Author/Source: Shannon Sked , Chaofeng Liu , Salehe Abbar , Robert Corrigan , Richard Cooper and Changlu Wang Description: The management of house mice, Mus musculus domesticus, in low-income high-rise multi-family dwellings (MFDs) is often frustrated by the limited resources available through low-bid contracting. An improved understanding of the small-scale distribution of this important public health pest could allow the pest management industry to better allocate its limited time and resources to better managing infestations. This study utilized data from two research projects that measured house mouse infestation rates from four urban low-income MFDs to determine if a significant correlation between neighboring units exists in their infestation status. Results show that such a correlation exists whereby apartments that share a wall, ceiling or floor with a neighboring apartment that has a current infestation are more likely to have existing house mouse activity. This information can be utilized by the pest management industry to design monitoring strategies, during integrated pest management activities, to better ensure the elimination of house mice in low-income high-rise MFDs. States/Regions: International, Mid-Atlantic, National, New England, Northeast, Southeast
24.	Neuropathogenicity of non-viable Borrelia burgdorferi ex vivo Publish Date: 2022-01-13 Author/Source: Geetha Parthasarathy Shiva Kumar Goud Gadila Description: Even after treatment, a proportion of Lyme disease patients suffer from symptoms collectively called Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS). A recent study demonstrated that non-viable remnants of Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes are pathogenic to both CNS and PNS tissues, suggesting that for at least a subset of patients, B. burgdorferi fragments in the nervous system could be the cause of persistence of symptoms post-treatment, leading to long term health consequences. States/Regions: Mid-Atlantic, National, New England, Northeast
25.	Historical change in the outbreak dynamics of an invading forest insect Publish Date: 2022 Author/Source: Liebhold, Andrew M.; Hajek, Ann E.; Walter, Jonathan A.; Haynes, Kyle J.; Elkinton, Joseph ; Muzika, Rose-Marie Description: The population dynamics and impacts of non-native species often change following their initial establishment, with impacts either increasing or decreasing over time. The reasons why the abundance of an invading species may change are varied but often reflect changes in the way in which populations interact with resident communities. Here we analyze changes in the outbreak dynamics of Lymantria dispar (formerly known to as the "gypsy moth"), a Eurasian foliage-feeding insect that has been established in N. America for ca. 150 years. We find that during the course of this species' presence in N. America, it has continually exhibited population dynamics in which populations reach outbreak levels, resulting in defoliation of large forested areas. States/Regions: Mid-Atlantic, New England, Northeast
26.	Semi-natural habitat surrounding farms promotes multifunctionality in avian ecosystem services Publish Date: 2021-12-21 Author/Source: Elissa M. Olimpi, Karina Garcia, David J. Gonthier, Claire Kremen, William E. Snyder, Erin E. Wilson-Rankin, Daniel S. Karp Description: Natural habitat around agriculture has a lot of benefits, and a study in the Journal of Applied Ecology by University of California, Davis, scientists shows that farms with surrounding natural habitat experience the most benefits from wild birds. That goes a bit against the common practice of removing natural habitat in order to discourage wildlife from hanging out around crops and bringing in foodborne pathogens. States/Regions: Mid-Atlantic, National, New England, Northeast, Southeast
27.	Emerald ash borer intensifies harvest regimes on private land Publish Date: 2021-08-05 Author/Source: Jonathan R. Holt, Jennifer R. Smetzer, Mark E. Borsuk, Danelle Laflower, David A. Orwig, Jonathan R. Thompson Description: We found that EAB detection had a negative impact on annual harvest probability and a positive impact on harvest intensity, resulting in a net increase in harvested biomass. Furthermore, our estimates suggest that EAB detection will influence private landowners to harvest greater quantities of ash, relative to non-ash species. We also found that harvested trees in EAB-infested areas had smaller diameters, on average, compared with those unaffected by EAB. These results can help policymakers, forest managers, and extension programs to anticipate and better advise landowners and managers about their options and the associated outcomes for forests. States/Regions: Mid-Atlantic, National, New England, Northeast, Southeast
28.	Parasite dynamics in North American monarchs predicted by host density and seasonal migratory culling Publish Date: 2021-08-01 Author/Source: Ania A. Majewska, Andrew K. Davis, Sonia Altizer, Jacobus C. de Roode Description: Average infection prevalence was four times higher in western compared to eastern subpopulations. In eastern North America, the proportion of infected monarchs increased three-fold since the mid-2000s. In the western region, the proportion of infected monarchs declined sharply from 2000-2015, and increased thereafter. For both eastern and western subpopulations, years with greater summer adult abundance predicted greater infection prevalence, indicating that transmission increases with host breeding density. Environmental variables (temperature and NDVI) were not associated with changes in infected adults. We found evidence for migratory culling of infected butterflies, based on declines in parasitism during fall migration. We estimated that tens of millions fewer monarchs reach overwintering sites in Mexico as a result of OE, highlighting the need to consider the parasite as a potential threat to the monarch population States/Regions: Mid-Atlantic, National, New England, Northeast, Southeast
29.	Gene-drive suppression of mosquito populations in large cages as a bridge between lab and field Publish Date: 2021-07-28 Author/Source: Andrew Hammond, Paola Pollegioni, Tania Persampieri, Ace North, Roxana Minuz, Alessandro Trusso, Alessandro Bucci, Kyros Kyrou, Ioanna Morianou, Alekos Simoni, Tony Nolan, Ruth Müller & Andrea Crisanti Description: CRISPR-based gene-drives targeting the gene doublesex in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae effectively suppressed the reproductive capability of mosquito populations reared in small laboratory cages. To bridge the gap between laboratory and the field, this gene-drive technology must be challenged with vector ecology. States/Regions: International, Mid-Atlantic, National, Northeast, Southeast
30.	Pollinators and plant nurseries: how irrigation and pesticide treatment of native ornamental plants impact solitary bees Publish Date: 2021-07-28 Author/Source: Jacob M. Cecala and Erin E. Wilson Rankin Description: We designed a two-factor field cage experiment in which we reared Megachile rotundata (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) on containerized ornamental plants grown under two different irrigation levels and imidacloprid treatments (30% label rate dosage of a nursery formulation or an untreated control). Lower irrigation was associated with modest decreases in nectar volume and floral abundance in untreated plants, whereas irrigation did not affect plants treated with imidacloprid. Furthermore, higher irrigation decreased the amount of imidacloprid entering nectar. Imidacloprid application strongly reduced bee foraging activity and reproduction, and higher irrigation did not offset any negative effects on bees. States/Regions: International, National
31.	Inoculative Releases and Natural Spread of the Fungal Pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) into U.S. Populations of Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) Publish Date: 2021-07-27 Author/Source: Ann E Hajek, Andrea L Diss-Torrance, Nathan W Siegert, Andrew M Liebhold Description: While emphasis with entomopathogens has often been on inundative releases, we describe here historic widespread inoculative releases of a fungal entomopathogen. Several U.S. states and municipalities conducted inoculative releases of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu et Soper (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) after 1993, as gypsy moth populations spread into the Midwest and North Carolina. State/Region: Northeast
32.	Effects of glyphosate spray-drift on plant flowering Publish Date: 2021-07-01 Author/Source: B. Strandberg, P.B. Sørensen, M. Bruus, R. Bossi, Y .L. Dupont, M. Link, C. F. Damgaard Description: Recent studies have shown that sub-lethal doses of herbicides may affect plant flowering, however, no study has established a direct relationship between the concentrations of deposited herbicide and plant flowering. Here the aim was to investigate the relationship between herbicide spray drift deposited on non-target plants and plant flowering in a realistic agro-ecosystem setting. States/Regions: International, National
33.	Spray and Pour-On Acaricides Killed Tennessee (United States) Field-Collected Haemaphysalis longicornis Nymphs (Acari: Ixodidae) in Laboratory Bioassays Publish Date: 2021-07-01 Author/Source: R A Butler, J G Chandler, K M Vail, C J Holderman, R T Trout Fryxell Description: The objective of this study was to evaluate available products at causing H. longicornis mortality in a laboratory bioassay. The efficacy of products was evaluated at label rates using H. longicornis nymphs collected from a cattle farm in eastern Tennessee in two different bioassays (spray or dip) against untreated controls. State/Region: National
34.	Pesticides in honey bee colonies: Establishing a baseline for real world exposure over seven years in the USA Publish Date: 2021-06-15 Author/Source: Kirsten S.Traynor, Simone Tosi, Karen Rennich, Nathalie Steinhauer, Eva Forsgren, Robyn Rose, Grace Kunkel, Shayne Madella, Dawn Lopez, Heather Eversole, Rachel Fahey, Jeffery Pettis, Jay D.Evans, Dennis vanEngelsdorp Description: valuating pesticide exposure risk to pollinators is an ongoing problem. Here we apply five metrics for pesticide exposure risk (prevalence, diversity, concentration, significant pesticide prevalence, and hazard quotient (HQ)) to a nation-wide field study of honey bees, Apis mellifera in the United States. State/Region: National
35.	Pathogen and Endophyte Assemblages Co-vary With Beech Bark Disease Progression, Tree Decline, and Regional Climate Publish Date: 2021-05-24 Author/Source: Eric W. Morrison, Matt T. Kasson, Jeremy J. Heath and Jeff R. Garnas Description: Here we describe the bark endophyte communities associated with a widespread decline disease of American beech, beech bark disease (BBD), caused by an invasive scale insect (Cryptococcus fagisuga) and two fungal pathogens, Neonectria faginata and N. ditissima. State/Region: National
36.	Environmental cues affecting horseweed (Conyza canadensis) growth types and their sensitivity to glyphosate Publish Date: 2021-04-05 Author/Source: John A. Schramski, Christy L. Sprague, and Eric L. Patterson Description: Growth chamber experiments were conducted to determine (1) whether both C. canadensis growth types could originate from a single parent and (2) whether common environmental cues can influence growth type. Variations in temperature, photoperiod, competition, shading, and soil moisture only resulted in the rosette growth type in four C. canadensis populations originating from seed collected from a single parent of the upright growth type. State/Region: National
37.	The Invasion Ecology of Sleeper Populations: Prevalence, Persistence, and Abrupt Shifts Publish Date: 2021-01-27 Author/Source: Michael J Spear, Jake R Walsh, Anthony Ricciardi, M Jake Vander Zanden Description: n the present article, we explore the concept and implications of nonnative sleeper populations in invasion dynamics. Such populations persist at low abundance for years or even decades—a period during which they often go undetected and have negligible impact—until they are triggered by an environmental factor to become highly abundant and disruptive. States/Regions: Mid-Atlantic, National, New England, Northeast, Southeast
38.	The Invasion Ecology of Sleeper Populations: Prevalence, Persistence, and Abrupt Shifts Publish Date: 2021-01-27 Author/Source: Michael J Spear, Jake R Walsh, Anthony Ricciardi, M Jake Vander Zanden Description: Population irruptions are commonly misinterpreted as a recent arrival of the nonnative species, but sleeper populations belie a more complex history of inconspicuous occurrence followed by an abrupt shift in abundance and ecological impact. In the present article, we identify mechanisms that can trigger their irruption, and the implications for invasive species risk assessment and management. States/Regions: Mid-Atlantic, National, New England, Northeast, Southeast
39.	Invasive Pests: A $120 Billion-a-Year Threat to America's Farms and Lands (PDF) Publish Date: 2021 Author/Source: NIPMCC Description: A primer on invasive pests and the unique management challenges they pose--and the economic damage they cause--by enjoying free rein in novel environments that lack the natural control agents often present in their native habitats. State/Region: National
40.	The Growing Threat of Pests Resistant to Pesticides and Other Management Tactics (PDF) Publish Date: 2021 Author/Source: NIPMCC Description: An explanation of pest resistance and how it develops, why traditional management methods are vulnerable to resistance, and how IPM undercuts the mechanisms by which resistance develops while offering alternate methods to control already-resistant pests. State/Region: National

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